Seasonal price changes: how your home's heating and cooling impact energy bills

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A closer look at your household energy use; where your power goes and how costs fluctuate.

NORFOLK, Va. — It seems like every winter and summer we suffer the sticker shock of the power bill, seeing how seasonal temperature changes can greatly impact our energy consumption. But where does most of our energy usage go?

The largest share of residential energy typically goes to heating and cooling, accounting for approximately 47% of total household consumption. Obviously, this fluctuates greatly throughout the year, with the highest percentages in the winter and summer.

Water heating follows, using about 14% of energy, while appliances such as refrigerators, washers, and dryers contribute roughly 13%. Lighting makes up around 9%, and electronic devices, including televisions and computers, account for about 7%. The remaining energy use is spread across cooking, ventilation, and other minor household needs.


Energy costs fluctuate throughout the year, largely due to changes in outdoor air temperature. During winter, heating demands spike as temperatures drop, leading to increased electricity or natural gas usage. 

In colder months, homes with electric heating can see monthly bills rise by as much as 50% compared to the moderate seasons. Conversely, summer brings higher electricity use due to air conditioning. In many regions, the highest household energy bills occur in July and August, when air conditioning is needed for extended hours.

During spring and fall, energy costs tend to be lower, as mild temperatures reduce the need for heating and cooling. These transition periods often provide the most energy-efficient months of the year.

Most power companies, like Dominion Energy, have energy efficiency programs that help customers lower their energy bills.


Understanding which appliances use the most energy and how costs change throughout the year allows homeowners to adjust consumption habits. By optimizing heating and cooling efficiency, using energy-efficient appliances, and managing peak-hour usage, residents can better control energy expenses. 

As energy prices fluctuate, awareness of household consumption remains essential for budgeting and sustainability efforts.

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